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Your Personal Information Is Private
Jim Whaley Tires is serious about protecting our customers? personal information. You can always browse our site without providing any personal information.
While doing business with you, we may have to gather certain information, such as your name, home address, vehicle and email address. We will not sell, rent, trade or give away individual, personally identifiable information entered on this site to any third party.
We collect such information so that we can process orders, personalize your shopping experience, or send you the latest product and other useful material. If you do not wish to receive further material from us, you can simply respond to our email or otherwise tell us that you do not want to receive future communications.
Online Orders
We will need to collect credit card information from you to process purchases from the site. Reputable third-party financial institutions handle our credit card transactions.
The communication is done between the cardholders and their issuing banks utilizing a secure web server.
Whenever you transmit credit card information and other personal information through our site, the numbers and letters are scrambled using encryption technology, making it nearly impossible for the information to be stolen or intercepted. To protect your security, we do not allow you to store your credit card number from session to session.
Cookies
Jim Whaley Tires, like most Web sites, uses a feature of your browser to set a "cookie" on your computer. We cannot tell your name or any personal information about you based solely on the cookie. Unless you specifically tell us your name and other identifying information, we will never know who you are. All the cookie tells us is what functions you perform when you are on the site so that we can keep track of your transaction. A cookie also helps Jim Whaley Tires note particular traffic patterns on the site so that we can improve what we offer.
Every browser allows you to reject cookies or to choose which cookies you will accept. However, rejecting cookies, may sometimes interfere with your ability to use all the features and benefits of our site.
Third Parties
On occasion, we provide non-personal, aggregate information about our users to third parties such as manufacturers and business partners. For example, we may inform a tire manufacturer about what other products our users buy. This information will not identify any user personally.
Using This Site

1940 South Oates Street | 4143 West Main Street in Dothan (334) 794-8633 | 2237 Montgomery Hwy in Dothan (334) 794-2030 |
1352 Andrews Avenue | 536 Boll Weevil Circle |
Using This Site
Your Personal Information Is Private
Jim Whaley Tires is serious about protecting our customers' personal information. You can always browse our site without providing any personal information.
While doing business with you, we may have to gather certain information, such as your name, home address, vehicle and email address. We will not sell, rent, trade or give away individual, personally identifiable information entered on this site to any third party.
We collect such information so that we can process orders, personalize your shopping experience, or send you the latest product and other useful material. If you do not wish to receive further material from us, you can simply respond to our email or otherwise tell us that you do not want to receive future communications.
Online Orders
We will need to collect credit card information from you to process purchases from the site. Reputable third-party financial institutions handle our credit card transactions.
The communication is done between the cardholders and their issuing banks utilizing a secure web server.
Whenever you transmit credit card information and other personal information through our site, the numbers and letters are scrambled using encryption technology, making it nearly impossible for the information to be stolen or intercepted. To protect your security, we do not allow you to store your credit card number from session to session.
If you find an error with your online order, or need to return an item, please call our warehouse during regular business hours, at 334-794-3132. We will help you find a quick and easy resolution.
Cookies
Jim Whaley Tires, like most Web sites, uses a feature of your browser to set a "cookie" on your computer. We cannot tell your name or any personal information about you based solely on the cookie.
Unless you specifically tell us your name and other identifying information, we will never know who you are. All the cookie tells us is what functions you perform when you are on the site so that we can keep track of your transaction. A cookie also helps Jim Whaley Tires note particular traffic patterns on the site so that we can improve what we offer.
Every browser allows you to reject cookies or to choose which cookies you will accept. However, rejecting cookies, may sometimes interfere with your ability to use all the features and benefits of our site.
Third Parties
On occasion, we provide non-personal, aggregate information about our users to third parties such as manufacturers and business partners. For example, we may inform a tire manufacturer about what other products our users buy. This information will not identify any user personally.
![]() | Now's the time! |
Before you confirm your online order for any 4 new tires, be sure to include one of the Instalation Packages in the Shopping Cart...
As a special, limited-time bonus, we'll fill all 4 of your new tires with Nitrogen... for the life of the tire... for Free!
That's a special $25 online bonus you'll receive from Jim Whaley Tires for including one of our Instalation Packages in your Shopping Cart!
![]() | Now's the time! |
Before you confirm your online order for any 4 new tires, be sure to put a check in the Shopping Cart box for the special Installation Package for Set of 4...
It includes our Lifetime Tire Rotation, Wheel Balance, Road Hazzard Warranty and FREE Flat Repair for the Life of the Tires...
You'll save an immediate $25 on your order!
Obsessively engineered to push the limits. When some of the premier car companies of the world, like BMW, Mercedes, and Porsche select tires for their cars, they choose Michelin. And when they race, they choose Michelin again.
And while there is a difference between our passenger car tires and our racing tires, one thing remains the same. Each and every tire we make is obsessively engineered to be the very best.
Creating the most obsessively engineered tires in the world is the aim of every engineer at Michelin.
BFGoodrich® brand tires are made and sold to owners of cars, trucks, SUVs and vans.
A key appeal for driving a car, truck, SUV or van is the feeling that you can go anywhere. BFGoodrich® Tires Traction/Advantage goes that one better. Anytime. Anywhere.
BFGoodrich® Tires Traction/Advantage means that wherever you choose to go, and whatever the road decides to put in your path, you're in control.
In 1976, BFGoodrich® introduced the world's first performance light-truck radial, the Radial All-Terrain T/A®. To prove the durability and reliability of radials in off-road conditions, the engineers put the tire to the toughest test they could find: off-road racing. Since then, theBFGoodrich® brand has continued the tradition of racing the tires it sells to the public and using motorsports as a breeding ground for future technologies.
Americans have been driving with confidence on Uniroyal® tires since 1892, although back then we were known as the U.S. Rubber Company.
Uniroyal tires are chosen by so many different people, for so many different reasons and for so many different vehicles, that we have become a trusted part of the lives of millions of Americans.
The Uniroyal Tire tiger has been our well-known and well-loved mascot since 1964. Over the years, the Uniroyal Tire tiger has come to symbolize the tradition, perseverance, and pride that have been a part of the Uniroyal® Tire brand long before the tiger's first day on the job.
Today, the Uniroyal Tire brand continues to go the extra mile for you by putting all of our effort into making high quality, durable car and truck tires that today's drivers can afford.
Our tires provide all the features and benefits you consider important in a high-quality, dependable tire. Just take a look at our latest innovations -- the Laredo® Cross Country, an SUV and pick-up tire built to conquer everyday adventures, and the Tiger Paw® Touring, a comprehensive line of tires for sedans and mini-vans that helps deliver outstanding wear and handling at an affordable price.
Nothing works harder to keep your car, truck, van or SUV running smoothly than Mobil oils. From conventional to fully synthetic, high-performance to high-mileage — Mobil has the type of oil you need to go the distance. Time and time again.
|
| Mobil 1 Extended Performance |
| Delivers advanced performance and guaranteed protection of critical engine parts for 15,000 miles. This fully-synthetic formulation is designed for today's longer service intervals. |
| Mobil 1 |
| Mobil 1, the world's leading synthetic motor oil exceeds the industry's toughest standards and outperforms all conventional oils. In fact, many car builders put Mobil 1 in their vehicles before they leave the factory. And it is used by more than 70 percent of teams in the three NASCAR® series. |
| Mobil Clean 7500 |
| Proven protection of critical engine parts from lubricant-related failure for 7,500 miles or six months, whichever comes first. A synthetic blend formulation, the motor oil has a boosted level of cleaning agents compared with our premium conventional oil, Mobil Clean 5000. |
| Mobil Clean High Mileage |
| Unique formulation designed especially for cars, vans and light trucks with more than 75,000 engine miles. This conventional motor oil includes seal conditioner to help prevent leaks in high mileage engines. |
The great success stories of free enterprise have always come down to a winning combination of a few key factors. Such is the story of Mighty - an honored American company serving the multi-billion dollar automotive aftermarket for over forty years.
Mighty sources the finest OEM quality auto parts from the world's leading manufacturers from here and abroad, serving as the lynch-pin between manufacturers and only professional technicians from coast-to-coast.
Add to that the added-value services of professional inventory management and obsolescence protection that translate into millions in profits for Mighty customers–profits that might otherwise be missed.
However, the most unique element of this winning combination is Mighty's organizational culture that prizes extraordinary personal service over all else; doing whatever it takes to enhance the success of its customer-partners.
In today's world when so-called customer service, support teams and suppliers are often literally separated by oceans, it's heartwarming to know that the parts, the service, the technical support and business expertise you need are available from your local Mighty Representative.
We partner with more than 25,000 repair facilities - from independents to large multi-bay specialty shops and tire centers.
High quality OEM parts, personalized local service and familiar faces that say, "We're in this together," make Mighty a dependable partner to the thousands of owners, corporations and professional automotive repair shops we serve across the United States.
"Partners to the Automotive Professional" is more than just a slogan; it is what we practice each and every day.
Enjoying a reputation for top-quality products, business innovations and consistently reliable service, Interstate Batteries is the No. 1 replacement brand battery in North America. Now over a billion dollar, privately-held corporation, our enterprise continues to thrive on our innovation as well as our good old-fashioned business principles.
Three entities make up our enterprise, with over 1,400 employees nationwide.As Interstate Batteries faces the future, we'll stay true to our founding principles and continue to uphold our reputation to our customers: #1 in Batteries.
In the spring of 1950, John Searcy began selling and delivering car batteries to wholesalers in the Dallas-Fort Worth area from the back of his red Studebaker pickup truck. After two years, Searcy founded his new company and named it Interstate Battery System. He based his business on high principles: offer the best-quality product, provide impeccable service and treat the customer with respect.
By the 80s, Interstate celebrated the milestone of having distributorships in every one of the 50 states and in Canada. Today you can even find our distributors in Puerto Rico, the Dominican Republic, Guam and Panama City!
Retiring in 1978, John Searcy left the company under the leadership of President and Chairman Norm Miller. In the coming years, Interstate would seek to become a household name through Interstate Batteries Great American Race, marketing opportunities, going "prime time" with national TV commercials and sponsoring champion fishermen Guido and Dion Hibdon. In 1990, Norm's brother Tommy Miller became Interstate Batteries' President and C.E.O., while Norm remained Chairman of the Board. The company's presence took off in a new area-NASCAR, now America's fastest-growing professional sport. Interstate became title sponsor of Coach Joe Gibbs' new Winston Cup team in 1992 and steadily improved each year, winning the prestigious Winston Cup Championship in 2000.
Nitrogen in tires is becoming a popular replacement for standard air. Nitrogen is all around us... the air we breathe is 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen and the rest is small amounts of other gasses. When it comes to tire inflation, nitrogen has many advantages over oxygen. With nitrogen tire inflation, improvements can be noted in a vehicle's handling, fuel efficiency and tire life through better tire pressure retention, improved fuel economy and cooler running tire temperatures.
Driving on underinflated tires? If you are, it's like driving your car through sand!
The engine has to work harder, burning more fuel and adding wear to engine components.
It's also dangerous. Almost all tire blowouts are caused by underinflated tires. Tires lose 1-2 PSI every month!. That's 6 PSI low by the time you have your oil changed!
One Solution: Check your tire pressure every month
A Better Solution: Use nitrogen (N2) to increase your tire pressure retention, fuel economy, tire life and safety.
Wheel alignment is the position of the wheels relative to your car. When properly aligned, the wheels point in the right direction. Without proper alignment, the wheels resist your steering commands, as well as each other. Alignment also affects gas mileage and tire wear. If your tires are pointed in different directions, they fight against each other and can cause tread wear.
Computerized alignment equipment is used to measure all alignment angles on today's cars. These include both adjustable and non-adjustable angles. (Non-adjustable angles require repair or replacement of the suspension component.) The most common adjustable angles are:
This refers to the tilted direction of the wheels toward or away from one another when viewed from the top. Toe is the most critical tire wearing angle. Tires that "toe-in" point toward one another. Tires that "toe-out" point away from each other.
This refers to the tilt of the wheels toward or away from one another when viewed from the front. Wheels that tilt in toward the vehicle have "negative camber." Wheels that tilt away from the vehicle have "positive camber."
This refers to the angle of the steering axis in relation to an imaginary vertical line through the center of the wheel when viewed from the side. "Positive caster" is the term used when the vertical line is tilted back toward the rear. If it's tilted forward, we call it "negative caster." The proper caster angle stabilizes your car for better steering.
This refers to the relationship of all four wheels to each other, as well as their relationship to an imaginary center line that runs from bumper to bumper. The term "thrust line" refers to the direction in which the rear wheels are pointed. Thrust angle is correctable on cars with adjustable rear suspensions. If your car has a non-adjustable suspension, thrust angle is compensated for by aligning the front wheels to the rear wheels.
Description: Wheel balance refers to the proper distribution of weight around a revolving tire and wheel assembly. Poor wheel balance can have a marked impact on both your car and your safety.
Purpose: Proper wheel balance ensures that the wheels, while spinning, do not have a heavy spot that can cause vibration and premature wear of tires, struts, shocks and other steering and suspension components. When combined with proper wheel alignment, balanced wheels ensure smooth and enjoyable driving.
Maintenance Tips/Suggestions: The most common signs of unbalanced tires are vibration and noise problems. When driving with an out-of-balance wheel, the wheel literally bounces down the road rather than spinning smoothly. This can affect the speed, handling and mileage of your car. Many of today's cars have lightweight suspension systems and are therefore, more sensitive to imbalance than older cars. It's a good idea to have your car's wheels balanced when rotating the tires, about every 6,000 miles. It's not uncommon for wheels to lose a wheel weight from time to time; so periodic balancing minimizes the impact of unbalanced wheels on your car.
Content provided by Car Care Alliance
One of the leading causes of tire failure and casing rejection during the retread process is a faulty repair. This area is most often overlooked when fleets design tire maintenance programs, but as a recent survey from the monthly magazine Tire Business indicates, 46% of tire failures were caused by improper repair procedures. Of course this means higher tire costs.
When a radial tire has been damaged to the point where the steel cords are exposed to the elements it is important that the area be repaired as soon as possible so that moisture is not allowed to migrate along the belt package causing further damage.
The most effective method of repair for nail holes (1/4") is the plug and patch repair. The plug stops the migration of moisture and the patch on the inside of the tire supports the plug. For repairs larger than a nail hole (3/8" and larger) the tire should be removed from service.
This method of repair not only reduces the number of tire failures but promotes casing recovery as well.
Description: Tire rotation refers to the regular practice of switching the position of each tire on the car.
Purpose: Tire rotation helps to equalize tread wear and is critical to gain the maximum life from your tire investment.
Maintenance Tips/Suggestions: Refer to your owner's manual for the recommended rotation interval and pattern; generally a rotation interval of 6,000 miles is recommended. The rotation pattern varies with different makes and models, which shows the tire locations during rotation. Some vehicles have different size tires on the front and back or directional tires. This limits the locations that a tire may take on the vehicle. When in doubt, check the owner's manual or consult a professional technician for guidance. Tire rotation time also offers a good opportunity to have the tires and wheels balanced. It's another step you can take to maximize your tire investment.
Content provided by Car Care Alliance
The primary function of your cars suspension and steering systems is to allow the wheels to move independently of the car, while keeping it "suspended" and stable. Any play or uncontrolled motion in these systems results in a deterioration of handling and accelerated tire wear. Vehicle alignment is closely tied to the condition of the suspension and steering systems.
Worn or loose components affect the ability to control the toe angle, and may result in a loss of directional stability and accelerated tire wear. The main components of a Conventional system are:
The main components of a Rack and Pinion steering system are:
Worn or loose components affect the suspension systems ability to control motion and alignment angles, resulting in a deterioration of vehicle handling and stability, and accelerated tire wear. The main components of the suspension system are:
The brake system is actually composed of two kinds of systems---Hydraulics and Friction Materials. Here's what happens within these systems between the time your foot hits the brake pedal and your car stops.
When pressure is applied to the brake pedal, the master cylinder creates hydraulic pressure which pushes brake fluid to the wheel brakes.
Steel brake lines and high pressure rubber hoses are the avenues through which the pressurized brake fluid travels.
These are the hydraulic cylinders that apply pressure to the friction materials, causing your car to stop.
These brake linings are composed of high temperature materials that create the friction that stops your car.
Disc brakes consist of a Disc Brake Rotor, which is attached to the wheel, and a Caliper, which holds the Disc Brake Pads. Hydraulic pressure from the Master Cylinder causes the Caliper Piston to clamp the Disc Brake Rotor between the Disc Brake Pads. This creates friction between the pads and rotor, causing your car to slow down or stop.
Drum brakes consist of a Brake Drum attached to the wheel, a Wheel Cylinder, Brake Shoes and Brake Return Springs. Hydraulic pressure from the Master Cylinder causes the Wheel Cylinder to press the Brake Shoes against the Brake Drum. This creates friction between the shoes and drum to slow or stop your car.
The Parking Brake uses Cables to mechanically apply the brakes (usually the rear brake.) This is used to prevent the car from rolling when not being driven.
Computer-controlled anti-lock braking systems (ABS) are a recently developed safety feature. When sudden stops are made, the ABS prevents wheel lock-up. The system is comprised of wheel-speed sensors that monitor wheel rotation, computer-controlled hydraulics that pulse the brakes on and off rapidly, and the on-board computer.
Check the owner's manual to see if your driving habits are considered to be "severe service." This type of driving requires more frequent oil changes, warns the Car Care Council. Have the oil changed accordingly, usually every 3-5,000 miles. For less wear and tear on the engine, drivers in cold climes (sub-zero driving temperatures) should drop their oil weight from 10-W30 to 5-W30. Your mom and dad would probably suggest simply moving to someplace warmer.
Description: The typical oil filter consists of a high-strength steel housing containing various types of filtering media. An anti-drainback valve prevents oil from running out of the filter when the engine is off. Today's oil filters have a convenient spin-on design that makes removal and installation easy.
Purpose: The oil filter sifts out contaminants, allowing the oil to flow through the engine unrestricted. Should the oil filter become restricted or clogged with contaminants, they will flow around the filter. This bypassing is a safety mechanism, but you never want to let oil and filter changes go so long that bypassing takes place.
Maintenance Tips/Suggestions: For best results, consult your owner's manual, but consider that your driving probably constitutes a severe maintenance schedule. Usually, this means oil and filter changes every 3,000 miles or 3 months. If you change the filter yourself, dispose of it properly. Take used filters to a facility that accepts them. Used filters can be crushed, removing the used oil and the steel part of the filter can be recycled. The oil from one used, seemingly innocent filter leaking into a landfill can taint 62,000 gallons of ground water.
Content provided by Car Care Alliance
In order to meet Federal Exhaust Emission and Fuel Economy regulations, today's vehicles are equipped with highly sophisticated electronic engine control systems. These systems do not require periodic adjustments. The only services required on a scheduled basis are spark plug and filter replacement. Tune-ups, as we knew them, are no longer necessary.
The computer receives information from a network of sensors and switches that convert engine operating conditions into electrical signals. Based on the information and instructions stored in the computer program, commands are then sent to three primary systems:
The sensors that monitor one or more of these systems include:
Vehicles with automatic transmissions require transmission fluid. It protects the transmission from running too hot, especially during strenuous conditions such as towing or steep hills. If you will be putting more driving stress than normal on your vehicle, it's important to have your car inspected and serviced to prevent the transmission from overheating. However, completely flushing and replenishing your transmission fluid requires a specially-designed machine.
The following components are inspected. Their condition is recorded and compared to manufacturer's specs. Recommendations are made per the Motorist Assurance Program Uniform Inspection Guidelines:
Exposure to heat, vibration and contamination makes belts and hoses wear out faster than any other components in your car. That's why regular inspections are so important. Here are the belt and hose types in your car, along with their applications.
While some accessories in your car are electrically powered by the charging system, others use the engine itself as their power source. The power for these accessories is delivered by a system of pulleys and belts. Examples of these accessories are:
The hoses that convey your car's fluids are made of two rubber layers with a layer of fabric in between. Typical hoses include:
We can help you choose the right battery for your vehicle and lifestyle. Our staff can safely and professionally install your battery and get you back on the road.
Your car's electrical system powers everything from the ignition and fuel systems to accessories such as your radio, headlights and wipers. The electrical system is, in turn, powered by the engine. Here are the three key components of the electrical system:
When your car's engine is off, the battery provides the required power to the rest of the system, as well as during start-up (cranking). It also supplements the power from the charging system during periods of high demand.
This is the heart of the electrical system. It consists of three main components: the belt-driven alternator, various electrical circuits, and a voltage regulator. The alternator supplies power to the electrical system and recharges the battery after your car has started. Just like it sounds, the voltage regulator controls the voltage, keeping it within the operating range of the electrical system.
This system consumes more electrical power than any other in your car. The starting system consists of three components which work in tandem: the ignition switch, the starter relay or solenoid, and the starter motor. The ignition switch controls the starter solenoid, which activates the starter motor. The starter motor then turns the engine until your car starts.
Service Warranties
Front End / Wheel Alignment
6 months or 6000 miles, whichever comes first.
Electronic Wheel Balancing
6 months or 6000 miles, whichever comes first.
Shock Absorbers & Struts
PARTS-Ask for details at local store.
LABOR-6 months or 6000 miles, whichever comes first.
Belts & Hoses, Cooling System Services
PARTS & LABOR- 1 year or 12,000 miles, whichever comes first.
Steering & Suspension
(Excluding drive train components)
PARTS & LABOR- 1 year or 12,000 miles, whichever comes first.
Jim Whaley Tires offers various warranties for the service work that is performed
on your vehicle. For more details, stop by the Jim Whaley Tire store nearest you.
Lifetime Road Hazard Warranty
Many forms of debris and obstacles litter our roadways. Proper tire maintenance generally protects you from enduring the hassles of a tire failure. Unfortunately, some tires will fail – usually at the worst possible time - and few things are worse than being stranded with a bad tire.
Jim Whaley Tires offers a simple solution for exactly this type of situation. We provide a Lifetime Road Hazard Warranty for almost all our tires. For obvious reasons, off-road and specially tires are not included in this warranty.
What Is Road Hazard Damage?
Road hazard damage occurs when a tire fails due to debris on the road surface during the course of normal driving on a road maintained by state or local authorities. Nails, glass, and potholes are the most common examples of a road hazard.
What To Do If You Believe Your Tire Has Been Damaged
Whenever possible, you should return your vehicle to the Jim Whaley Tires location where you purchased the tire. If you cannot return your vehicle to that specific location, you may contact any of the five Jim Whaley Tires locations in Dothan, Ozark, and Enterprise for service.
Flat Tire Repair
If a tire is damaged due to a covered road hazard and can be safely repaired per approved industry methods and guidelines, Jim Whaley Tires will repair your flat at no cost - for the life of the tire. Simply contact the Jim Whaley Tire location nearest you for assistance.
Tire Replacement
Returns and Refunds
If you find an error with your order, or you need to return or exchange an item, please call our warehouse at 334-794-3132.
We will help you find a quick and easy resolution.
Manufacturer's Warranties
Merchandise covered by a manufacturer's warranty is sold with the warranty by the manufacturer extended
to the purchaser.
We will be happy to assist in obtaining fulfillment of a manufacturer's warranty. Specific tire information is available on each tire model's product page.
Other than applicable manufacturers' warranties, there are no warranties, express or implied, including any warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose.
Return for Refund
We will accept returns within 30 days of delivery.
Only unused product that has not been driven on is eligible for return.
Credit amount will be calculated as follows:
Only unused product that has not been driven on is eligible for return.
Credit amount will be calculated as follows:
TIRES: Credit less all freight charges incurred.
SPECIAL ORDER ITEMS: Special order items are not returnable.
Orders shipped via Federal Express or UPS are charged freight both ways on refused shipments.
Credits will be issued to the credit card used on the order. If payment received was cash or check, we will refund by check to the billing address.
Shipping and Damage Claims
If your shipment has arrived with a damaged or incorrect item, please call our warehouse at 334-794-3132. We will report the damage to the shipper and arrange for replacement or exchange.
Damaged merchandise must be completely repackaged in the original packing and we will arrange for the return.
Return Check List
Before you return the tires, call our warehouse at 334-794-3132.
Original strapping should be completely intact. (If not, ship tires individually. Do not tape together.)
Each tire (even when strapped to another tire) should be clearly labeled with your return address and the following address for Jim Whaley Tires:
Jim Whaley Tires
1940 South Oates St.
Dothan, Alabama 36301
Check the pressure in your tires at a minimum of once per month and before long trips when your tires are cool. Your tires can be considered cool after the vehicle has been stopped for at least 3 hours and driven less than one mile. Adjust to the vehicle manufacturer's specified pressure while tires are cold. Never bleed or reduce air pressure when tires are hot. It is normal for pressure to build up as a result of driving. Use an accurate tire gauge to check pressure and maintain it at the level recommended by the vehicle manufacturer. Keep your tire within the manufacturer's specified pressure range. Ignoring this recommendation may result in unexpected loss of vehicle control or accidents.
If you notice that your vehicle pulls to the left or right of the road while driving with the wheel in the 12 o' clock position, you may need a wheel alignment. A wheel alignment places all four wheels of the vehicle parallel, or aligned, to one another. The aligned tires are also adjusted to be perpendicular with the ground. Properly aligned wheels help with ease of steering and will distribute general wear on your tires evenly.
All season tires are tires designed to be used throughout the year. These tires are designed specifically to handle mud and snow conditions. To spot an all season tire, look for the marking "MS", "M/S", "M+S", or "M&S" on the tire's sidewall. The Rubber Manufacturer's Association (RMA) defines a standard criteria for all season tires. In essence, the tire must have several large gaps over the entire length of the tread, with the gap space being at least 25% of the tread surface. The exact specification, as taken from the RMA Snow Tire Definitions for Passenger and Light Truck (LT) Tires, is as follows:
2. The new tire tread contact surface void area will be a minimum of 25 percent based on mold dimensions.
General mud and snow all season tires are not required to be industry tested. For this reason, the "Severe Snow Use" tire indicator symbol is used for all season tires that have passed a RMA specification testing standard.
In traditional non-abs vehicle braking systems, applying pressure to the brakes in hazardous road conditions or emergency situations can cause the wheels to lock up and prevent the driver from steering the vehicle. These traditional systems require the driver to "pump" the brakes in order to prevent this loss of control. In emergency situations, the driver may not remember or be able to do this.
Anti-Lock brake systems electronically and precisely control brake application by automatically "pumping" the brakes (at a much faster rate than a driver can) and adjusting brake fluid levels at each of the vehicle's wheels, something the driver of traditional braking systems cannot manually accomplish. Drivers with ABS systems should NOT pump the brakes, as the system will handle this for them. A driver can tell the ABS system is working when a slight vibration can be felt on the pedal and a low buzzing heard when braking. The result of braking with an ABS system is full steering control during maximum braking conditions.
Vehicles in traditional systems may experience one of two tires on an axle to slip and spin without traction while the other tire does not move. In systems using anti-slip control, the power is distributed between the tires proportional to how each tire is moving. In the example, the tire that is spinning will receive less power and the stationary tire will receive more. This effect gives the vehicle more efficient use of traction.
Tires cannot be manufactured perfectly, and therefore slight variations can cause the weight of the the tire to be uneven. At high rotational speeds of the tire, this imbalance can cause the tire to wobble and generate vibrations. Tires are tested at the manufacturer and at the time of installation to find these imperfections. To counter the wobble effect, small metal weights are applied to the wheel rim which help to give the tire a uniform weight distribution and reduce vibration.
The bead is that part of the tire that sits on the rim of the wheel and locks the tire into place. The locking effect of the bead is supported by the air pressure within the tire.
The distance required for braking depends on the speed of the vehicle, the condition of the road surface and the condition of the tires, particularly the tread. Keep your braking distance to a minimum by changing worn brake pads in a timely manner and replacing tires when necessary. Most tires have a tread wear indicator that will alert you to the need to replace the tire. Check these often to maintain best performance.
Camber is the the measured angle between the vertical axis of a vehicle's tire and the road. Essentially, this is a measure of how much a tire tilts into or away from the vehicle. When the tire tilts away from the vehicle, it is known as positive camber. When the tire tilts toward the vehicle, it is known as negative camber.
Camber affects the handling of a vehicle. When there is zero camber on a tire, or no tilt, the tire's tread contact with the road is maximized on flat, straight surfaces. During cornering, however, a zero camber tire will begin to lift it's outside edge off of the ground, which results in reduced handling. This affect is commonly aided with the use of negative camber.
Modern tires are made of many different materials and components. Tires are constructed in many different ways.
Casing components may include steel and/or textile cord plies, the inner liner (to make tube-less tires airtight), sidewalls, the apexes, the bead core (keeps the tire on the rim) and the bead reinforcement. There are several standard variations on this casing, or core:
Bias
Bias, or cross ply, casings consist of ply cords that angle across the width of the tire from bead to bead, generally at a 30 to 40 degree angle. A second set of metal ply cords run in the opposite angle, creating a crisscross ply effect. The benefit of this design is a smoother, quieter ride, but forfeits handling and traction at high speeds.
Radial
Radial tires have body cords that run across the tire nearly perpendicular to the beads. Radial tires have belt plies, which are laid diagonally under the tread to stabilize and strengthen the tread area and add flexibility to the sidewall. By restricting tread movement during contact with the road, the belt plies increase improve tread life, traction, and handling.
Even modern winter tires sometimes can't help when there are huge amounts of snow and steep gradients. In these situations, traction, lateral control, and reliable braking require the help of tire chains. In order to be prepared for chain use during hazardous winter conditions, it is recommended to fit chains in a "dry run". Snow chains are used only for conditions in which traction is greatly reduced and is not intended for high speeds. With some low profile tires, the reduced space between the tires and the wheel arch leaves no room to fit snow chains. Use chains with caution.
The date of manufacture of a tire is indicated on the tire's sidewall at the end of the DOT serial number.
Tire manufacturers have adopted a standard identification system using four numbers which indicate the week and the year of manufacture. For example, the figures 0201 indicate that the tire was made in the second week of the year 2001.
On standard tires with symmetrical tread patterns, it does not matter which way the tire is fitted on the rim and in which position it is fitted on the car. Some tire manufacturers have, however, started producing tires with specific directions of rotation in order to improve wet grip and reduce noise generation. The direction of rotation is marked on the side of the tire with an arrow. This side of the tire must be on the outside, and the tire must roll forward in the direction of the arrow for optimum tire performance. A number of tires with asymmetric tread patterns are also now available which do not have a specific direction of rotation.
The "DOT" symbol certifies the tire manufacturer's compliance with the U.S. Department of Transportation tire safety standards. The DOT serial number is located on the lower sidewall of the tire, on one side only. Below is a description of the serial number. Starting in the year 2000, four numbers are used for the Date of Manufacture, the first two numbers identify the week and the last two numbers identify the year of manufacture. Prior to year 2000 three numbers are used for the Date of Manufacture, the first two numbers identify the week and the last number identifies the year of manufacture. To identify tires manufactured in the 90's a decade symbol (a triangle on its side) is located at the end of the DOT serial number.
For Example: DOT NJ HR 2AE2 529
DOT: Reference Symbol (certifies the tire manufactures compliance with U.S. Department of Transportation tire safety standards).
NJ: Manufactures Plant Identification Code
HR: Tire Size Code Number.
2AE2: Tire Type Code (coding for type of tire optional by manufacture).
529: Date of Manufacturer, example: 529 (52nd week of 1999) or 5200 (52nd week of 2000).
In traditional vehicle systems, vehicle stability is manually maintained by the driver. If the driver encounters a hazardous situation in which control of the vehicle is lost, the driver must take the appropriate actions necessary to regain control. Electronic stability control systems attempt to take these corrective actions for the driver. The system senses a loss of control in the vehicle and will apply precise braking to each of the four wheels independently in order to regain control and move the vehicle towards the driver's intended direction. In some systems, engine power is also reduced as needed.
If a standard tire is punctured and looses air pressure, a temporary spare tire must be put on in order to avoid towing the vehicle to a maintenance shop. In order to avoid the troublesome, sometimes dangerous, procedure of changing a tire on the open road, various manufacturers now offer what is known as emergency mobility systems. This system is a special tire technology that allows the tire to be driven on for a short amount of time with no air pressure to get the vehicle to a maintenance shop.
"Water skiing on the road."
Hydroplaning is an effect that occurs on wet roads, when the contact between the tire and the road is separated by a thin layer of water. Tires are designed to handle this effect with the use of grooves in the treads, allowing a place for the water to accumulate instead of between the tire and the road. The faster a vehicle travels and the less percentage of grooves on the tire's surface results in a much higher degree of hydroplaning and the potential for the vehicle to lose control and glide across the road. Although tires are designed with sophisticated tread patterns to handle this, the best method is to slow down in hazardous conditions.
Load range is a rating system for light truck (LT) tires which indicates both ply rating and load pressure. Load range is a letter, B-F, found on the tire sidewall. Load Index is a rating system for passenger (P) tires that indicates the maximum load that the tire can carry. Load Index is a non-decimal number between 60 and 120 and is found on the tire's sidewall.
It is recommended that all four tires be of the same size, construction and speed rating. If tires of different speed rating are mounted on a vehicle, the vehicle speed capability will be limited to the lowest speed-rated tire on the vehicle. It is recommended that the lower speed-rated tires be placed on the front axle regardless which axle is driven. This should be done to prevent a potential over steer condition. Vehicle handling may also be affected. Consult the tire manufacturer for specific guidelines on your tire.
Radial tires have body cords that run across the tire nearly perpendicular to the beads. Radial tires have belt plies, which are laid diagonally under the tread to stabilize and strengthen the tread area and add flexibility to the sidewall. By restricting tread movement during contact with the road, the belt plies increase improve tread life, traction, and handling.
Reinforced or XL (extra load) tires are specially reinforced tires. They can carry higher loads than a tire of the same size. Reinforced tires are designated on the sidewall by the letters "RF", and extra load tires are designated with the letters "XL". Reinforced and XL tires generally require higher inflation pressure compared to standard tires of the same size.
The number of revolutions a tire makes in one mile at a given load, speed, and inflation. Sometimes measured as RPK, or revolutions per kilometer.
Rolling resistance is the restrictive force placed on a tire by the driving surface. To put a free rolling tire into motion, there must be enough force applied to the tire to overcome the opposite force placed on the tire by rolling resistance. In order to reduce rolling resistance, manufacturers use special rubber compounds. Any reduction in the rolling resistance of the tire helps reduce fuel consumption, however, strategic use of rolling resistance can aid the driver in reduced braking. Since rolling resistance is directly affected by tire pressure, it is beneficial to check the pressure of tires regularly.
It is recommended to rotate your tires every 6,000 to 8,000 miles, or sooner if uneven tread wear begins to appear. The purpose for regular rotation is to achieve more uniform tread wear on all tires on your vehicle. This is true for both front wheel and rear wheel drive vehicles. Full size spare tires should be included in the rotation pattern for your vehicle. Compact spares (temporary use spares) should not be included in the rotation pattern.
Refer to your Vehicle Owners Manual for recommended rotation pattern and interval for your vehicle. If tires show uneven tread wear, ask your serviceperson to check and correct any alignment or other mechanical problem before rotation.
The speed ratings for a tire is indicated on the sidewall of the tire by a letter or letter and number. Each speed rating indicates the maximum speed at which the tire is designed to be safely driven. Speed ratings are based on laboratory tests which relate to performance in the road, but are not applicable if tires are under inflated, overloaded, worn out, damaged or altered.
Example: Tire Size P215/60R15 H - the H indicates a maximum permitted speed of 130 MPH.
Temporary spares are designed to carry the same load as the standard size tire on your vehicle and can be applied to any position. Maintain the proper inflation pressure as shown on the sidewall of the tire, which generally requires a higher inflation pressure than a standard size tire. Refer to the information on the sidewall of the tire for proper usage & speed restrictions. With such a tire, a vehicle may be operated until it is convenient to repair or replace the disabled tire. Have your standard tire repaired or replaced as soon as possible, then return the temporary spare to the trunk to conserve its useable tread life. The temporary tire can be worn down to the tread wear indicators, just like your standard tire.
The dimensions of a tire are detailed on the sidewall.
In the case of a P185/65R 14 tire, the figures mean the following: 185 = width of tire in mm; 65 = the ratio of the height to the width as a percentage; R = radial construction; 14 = diameter of the rim in inches.
Tires should be stored in a dry, cool place, away from sunlight and sources of ozone, such as electric motors.
If you must store tires flat, (one on top of the other), make sure you don't stack too many on top of each other. Too much weight can damage the bottom tire.
Also be sure to allow air to circulate around all sides of the tires, including underneath, to prevent moisture damage.
If storing tires outdoors, protect them with an opaque waterproof covering and elevate them from the ground. Do not store tires on or over black asphalt or other heat-absorbent or reflective surfaces, such as snow-covered ground or sand. Solvents, fuels, lubricants and chemicals should be kept out of contact with tires.
Spare tire carriers on your vehicle are not intended to be used for long term tire storage. If your vehicle has a full size tire (same size and type tire recommended for use by the vehicle manufacture not temporary use spares) as a spare, it should be included in the tire rotation pattern.
Toe describes the angle at which the leading edge of a pair of tires is out of parallel. When a pair of wheels is set to point slightly toward each other, it is known as toe-in. When a pair of tires is set slightly away from each other, it is known as toe-out. Toe-in is used for increased straight line driving stability and will result in less responsive turning. Toe-out will result in slightly exaggerated movements and faster turning response. Generally, most vehicles are not performance racing vehicles, which sacrifice stability for turning (toe-out), and will want slight positive toe-in for stability. If you expect your vehicle to have neutral or slightly toe-in and you notice excessive wear, particularly on only one side (the inner or outer side) of the tire, you may be experiencing toe-in or toe-out. Your vehicle may need alignment maintenance if this is unexpected.
The tread is that part of the tire with the groove pattern which is in contact with the road. The tread is specifically design to provide traction for stopping, starting, cornering and provide long lasting wear.
The measured distance from the tread surface to the bottom of the main grooves away from the Tread Wear Indicators. Usually specified in 1/32 of an inch.
Tread wear indicators ("wear bars") are located at the base of the main grooves and are equally spaced around the tire. Always remove tires from service when they reach a remaining tread depth of two thirty-seconds of an inch (2/32"). If not corrected, wet weather accidents are more likely to happen due to skidding on bald or nearly bald tires. Also, excessively worn tires are more susceptible to damage from road hazards. Built-in tread wear indicators, or "wear bars," which look like narrow strips of smooth rubber across the tread, will appear on the tire when that point of wear is reached. When you see these wear bars, the tire is worn out and it's time to replace the tire.
Treadwear
The treadwear grade is a comparative rating based on the wear rate of the tire when tested under controlled conditions on a specified government test track. A tire graded 200 would wear twice as long on the government test course under specified test conditions as one graded 100. It is wrong to link tread wear grades with your projected tire mileage. The relative performance of tires depends upon the actual conditions of their use and may vary due to driving habits, service practices, differences in road characteristics and climate.
Traction
Traction grades, from highest to lowest, are AA, A, B and C. They represent the tire's ability to stop on wet pavement as measured under controlled conditions on specified government test surfaces of asphalt and concrete.
Temperature
The temperature grades, from highest to lowest, are A, B and C. These represent the tire's resistance to the generation of heat when tested under controlled conditions on a specified indoor laboratory test wheel.
The valve, fitted in the wheel, ensures that the tire can be filled with air. The correct valve is required for the correct wheel/tire assembly, which is the job of the tire dealer. A slow loss of air pressure may be a sign of a defective valve. The valve cap should always be fitted to the valve in order to protect the valve core from dirt and moisture.
The valve cap, although small, has a very important job: it protects the sensitive valve internals from dust, dirt and humidity. If valve caps are lost they should be replaced immediately in order to avoid expensive damage later.
In snowy areas, many cities and counties have "snow emergency" regulations which are invoked during heavy snowfalls. Motorists are subject to fines if they block traffic and do not have winter tires on their vehicles. Check with authorities for the rules in your area.
You can avoid this by equipping your vehicle with winter tires marked "MS," "M&S," or "M + S" on the sidewall and severe snow marking. If you change to winter tires, be sure they are the same size and construction type as the other tires on the vehicle. It is recommended that winter tires be applied on all four positions, but it is acceptable to install winter tires only on the rear position of a rear wheel drive vehicle. If winter tires are installed on the front position of any vehicle, they must also be installed on the rear position. Without winter tires on the rear, vehicle handling can be adversely affected. This may result in loss of vehicle control which could cause serious injury or death. If winter tires with a lower speed rating than listed on the vehicle placard are installed for use in winter conditions, the speed capability of the vehicle is reduced to the speed rating of the winter tires.
In areas where heavy snowfalls are frequent, many drivers carry chains for use in emergencies, or have their tire dealer install studded winter tires or tires for use in severe snow conditions. Most states have time limits on the use of studs. Before installing studded tires, check the regulations in your area. If studded tires are applied to the front axle, they also must be applied to the rear axle. If you use chains, make sure they are the proper size and type for your tires, otherwise they may damage the tire sidewall and cause tire failure. Tires designed for use in severe snow conditions generally have tread patterns, structure, and materials to give superior performance. These tires are marked with the "M+S" designation plus a mountain/snowflake symbol.
Proper tire care is simple and easy. The Rubber Manufacturer's Association (RMA) recommends getting into the habit of taking five minutes each month to check your tires.
Visit the RMA Website for more information.
Your tires are the only part of your vehicle that actually touches the road when you drive. It only takes a couple of minutes of maintenance each month to keep your tires working at their best.
Incorrect air pressure is the leading cause of tire damage. To avoid tire damage you need to check your tire's air pressure once a month.
The correct tire pressure is listed on the vehicle placard & can be found in the following places:
The air pressure listed on the side of your tire is NOT the correct air pressure for your vehicle. That number is the maximum air pressure for the tire. Remember to check the air in your spare tire.
Don't get stranded or put out costly towing expenses. Check your air pressure on your spare regularly. Note: If you have different rims than came on your vehicle originally, make sure that the bolts on your spare tire are the correct fitting.
Failure to keep your tires properly inflated can increase wear and will have a negative effect on your vehicles handling.
When checking and adjusting tire pressure, the following should be kept in mind:
Take this opportunity to inspect your tires to make sure there is nothing stuck in them or they have no deformities.
To prevent hydroplaning and skidding your tires must have proper tread depth. The minimum tread depth is 1/16th of and inch.
Ask anyone, the easiest way to check your tread depth...the penny test. What is the penny test? Take a penny and place it in the tread of your tire. If part of Lincoln's head is covered by the tread your tires have enough tread. If you can see Lincoln's entire head, you should buy a new tire.
You should also check your tire tread for uneven wear. Irregular wear shortens the life of your tires, if you think you have uneven wear you should take you vehicle to your tire dealer.
The best way to prevent uneven wear is to have your tires rotated every 6,000 - 8,000 miles or as specified in your vehicle's owner manual.
You should replace your tires with the same type of tires that came on your vehicle original equipment. This includes tire size, type and speed rating.
Understanding Tire Hieroglyphics
There is a lot to learn from the sidewall of your tire. Although at first glance you may think you stumbled across tire hieroglyphics, you've actually found molded into the tires side its own user manual.
Example P205/55R16 91W
| Speed Symbol | Speed (km/h) | Speed (mph) |
| A1 | 5 | 3 |
| A2 | 10 | 6 |
| A3 | 15 | 9 |
| A4 | 20 | 12 |
| A5 | 25 | 16 |
| A6 | 30 | 19 |
| A7 | 35 | 22 |
| A8 | 40 | 25 |
| B | 50 | 31 |
| C | 60 | 37 |
| D | 65 | 40 |
| E | 70 | 43 |
| F | 80 | 50 |
| G | 90 | 56 |
| J | 100 | 62 |
| K | 110 | 68 |
| L | 120 | 75 |
| M | 130 | 81 |
| N | 140 | 87 |
| P | 150 | 94 |
| Q | 160 | 100 |
| R | 170 | 106 |
| S | 180 | 112 |
| T | 190 | 118 |
| U | 200 | 124 |
| H | 210 | 130 |
| V | 240 | 149 |
| W | 270 | 168 |
| Y | 300 | 186 |
| (Y) | Above 300 | Above 186 |
The "DOT" symbol certifies the tire manufacturer's compliance with the U.S. Department of Transportation tire safety standards.
Below is a description of the serial number. Starting with the year 2000, four numbers are used for the Date of Manufactuer, first two numbers identify the week and the last two numbers identify the year of manufacture.
Prior to year 2000 three numbers are used for the Date of manufacture, first two numbers identify the week and the last number identifies the year of manufacture. To identify tires manufactured in the 90's a decade symbol (a triangle on its side) is located at the end of the DOT serial number.
Driving in the rain can be dangerous; in fact thousands of car accidents each year are caused by wet driving conditions.
It is a good idea to always check your tires before you hit the road. To ensure your tires are working at their best, make sure you do the following routine maintenance:
As rain falls, it mixes with grime and oil on the road creating slick conditions perfect for skids. The best way to avoid skidding is to slow down. Driving at a slower pace allows more of the tires tread to make contact with the road, which leads to better traction.
Skids can even happen to the most cautious drivers. If your car does skid, remember not to slam on the brakes, and do not pump the brakes if you have an anti-lock braking system (ABS). Instead apply pressure to the brakes in a firm manner and steer the car in the direction of the skid.
It takes about three times longer to break on wet roads than on dry roads. Since more distance is required to brake, it is important not to tailgate. Keep a little more than two car lengths between you and the vehicle in front of you.
When it rains, water creates a barrier between the road and your tires. The liquid film that forms can cause you to loose traction and glide or hydroplane across the waters surface. If this happens, do not hit the brakes. It is better to take your foot off the gas, hold the steering in place, and lightly apply the breaks. If you have a manual transmission, push in the clutch and let the car slow down on its own.
Problems always seem to happen at the most inconvenient times. Sufficient planning and preparation can make the difference between a minor inconvenience and a potentially dangerous situation.
The leading cause of death during winter storms is auto accidents. Below are preventative tips to keep you safe on the road this winter. You may not be able to control Mother Nature but using caution and common sense can prevent an accident.
Dateline 3500 B.C.--Today man invented the greatest invention ever seen, THE WHEEL!
Thousands of years later, the wheel has come a long way. For one thing it is no longer made of wood and it is guaranteed that the ride is much smoother. What hasn't changed is the fact it is still one of man's greatest inventions. Could you even imagine where we would be today without it?
The early wheel was very simple...a solid curved piece of wood, then leather was eventually added to soften the ride, as time progressed it became solid rubber which led to today's tire--the pneumatic, or air inflated, radial tire.
The first wheels made of metal or wood were very durable but did not provide a very comfortable ride. The nearest thing to the first tire was a metal hoop. There were many individuals that made contributions in creating the tire as we think of it today.
Rubber was not always as useful as it is today. Early rubber did not hold shape; it would be sticky in hot weather and become inflexible in the cold.
In 1839 Charles Goodyear was credited with the discovery of the vulcanization process. Vulcanization is the process of heating rubber with sulfur. This transforms sticky raw rubber to firm pliable material which makes rubber a perfect material for tires.
The story of Charles Goodyear is a sad one, although he dedicated his entire life to making rubber a better form he would never profit from all his work. Charles Goodyear died bankrupt.
Forty years later a rubber company would honor his hard work by using his name for their new tire company.
Soon, after the discovery of vulcanization tires were made out of solid rubber. These tires were strong, absorbed shocks and resisted cuts and abrasions. Although they were a vast improvement, these tires were very heavy and did not provide a smooth ride.
Today there are still types of tires made of solid rubber
The pneumatic rubber tire uses rubber and enclosed air to reduce vibration and improve traction. Robert W. Thomson, a Scottish engineer, first patented the air filled tire. Unfortunately the idea was too early for its time and was not a commercial success.
In 1888 John Boyd Dunlop of Belfast, Ireland became the second inventor of the pneumatic tire. Dunlop claimed to have no knowledge of Thomsons earlier invention.
The second time around the pneumatic tire caught the publics attention. The timing was perfect because bicycles were becoming extremely popular and the lighter tire provided a much better ride.
For the next fifty years vehicle tires were made up of an inner tube that contained compressed air and an outer casing. This casing protected the inner tube and provided the tire with traction.
Layers called plys reinforced the casing. The plys were made of rubberized fabric cords that were embedded in the rubber. These tires were known as bias-ply tires. They were named bias ply because the cords in a single ply run diagonally from the beads on one inner rim to the beads on the other. However, the orientation of the cords is reversed from ply to ply so that the cords crisscross each other.
Today you can still find bias-ply tires as authentic equipment for antique and collector cars, as well as for certain type of off-the-road tractor tires.
Michelin invented radial tires in 1948 and they were first introduced in Europe that year. Radial tires are so named because the ply cords radiate at a 90 degree angle from the wheel rim, and the casing is strengthened by a belt of steel fabric that runs around the circumference of the tire.
Radial tire ply cords are made of nylon, rayon, or polyester. The advantages of radial tires include longer tread life, better steering and less rolling resistance, which increases gas mileage. On the other hand, radials have a harder riding quality, and are about twice as expensive to make.
Tires are not just round and black they are sophisticated products that can take years of research and development to produce. If you have ever wondered how tires are made, the following is a roadmap for the construction of a radial tire:
Tire construction starts when raw chemical additives such as sulfur, carbon black and solvents are combined with natural and synthetic rubber. The process takes place in a large machine called a banbury.
In addition to mixing and grinding, the banbury heats the rubber to make it workable in preparation for further applications. The raw product emerges in the form of long, flat bands of rubber, which are then worked in rolling mills.
It takes several machines to shape the rubber into the individual components of the tire: tread, ply, belts, beads, sidewalls, and innerliner.
The six components (tread, ply, belts, sidewalls, liner and beads) come together on the tire-building machine. These six components are assembled into what is known as an uncured, or green, tire in two stages.
The two subassemblies are then joined together and the result is a green tire.
The next phase is vulcanization, the molecular transformation of the soft, gummy green tire into the tough, and longwearing, modern passenger tire. The green tire is placed in a curing mold and is subjected to intense pressure and high heat internally and externally for a specified period of time. Simultaneously, the tread pattern is imprinted onto the rubber. When it comes from the mold, the tire is ready for final finish and inspection.
For showroom quality, any excess rubber is trimmed off the cured tire. Every tire is thoroughly inspected. The tire then undergoes various uniformity checks to assess ride and comfort quality. Once the tires have passed all the checks and inspections, they are sent to the distribution warehouse for shipment.
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